| 品种 | 普通香菇 | 种类 | 干香菇 | | 等级 | 特级 | 杂≤ | 0.1（%） | | 水分≤ | 5（%） | 产地/厂家 | 浙江爱尚茶厂 |
栽培史 香菇栽培始源于，至今已有800年以上的历史。早于宋朝浙江庆元县龙岩村的农民吴三公发明了砍花栽培法，后扩散。经僧人交往传入日本。香菇的砍花栽培源于，现行的段木纯菌丝接种栽培则源于日本。至1989年，我国香菇总产超过日本，一跃成为香菇生产大国。生长发育条件 （1）温度 在潮湿的状态下，担孢子萌发的适温度为22-26℃。 菌丝生长的温度范围在5-24℃，适宜温度24-27℃，但由于木材的保护作用，在气温低于-20℃的高寒山地或高于40℃的低海拔地区，菇木也能安全生存，菌丝不会死亡。 香菇是低温和变温结实性的菇类。香菇原在8-21℃分化，在10-12℃分化好。子实体在5-24℃范围内发育，8-16℃为适。同一品种，在适宜范围内，较低温度（10-12℃）下子实体发育慢，菌柄短，菌肉厚实，好；在高温（20℃以上）上子实体发育快，菌柄长，菌肉薄，差。在恒温条件下，香菇不形成子实体。 （2）水分 在锯木屑培养中，菌丝生长的适含水是60-70%；在菇木中适宜的含水是32-40%，在32%以下接种成活率不高，在10%-15%条件下菌丝生长极差。子实体形成期间菇木含水保持60%左右，空气湿度80-90%为宜。 （3） 营养 香菇是一种木腐菌，主要的营养成分是碳水化合物和含氮化合物，以及少的无机盐和维生素等。菇木和培养中的各种营养物，只有溶解在水里才能被香菇吸收利用。 ①碳源 香菇菌丝能利用广泛的碳源，包括单糖类、双糖类和多糖类，糖浓度在1-5%比较好。 ②氮源 香菇菌丝能利用有机氮和铵态氮，不能利用态氮和态氮。在香菇菌丝营养生长阶段，碳源和氮源的比例以25-40：1为好，高浓度的氮会抑制香菇原分化。在生殖生长阶段，要求较高的碳。 ③矿元素 除了镁、、磷、之外，铁、锌、锰同时存在能促进香菇菌丝的生长，并有相辅相成的效果。钙和硼能抑制香菇菌丝生长。 ④维生素类 香菇菌丝的生长必须吸收维生素B1，其他维生素则不需要。适合香菇生长的维生素B1浓度大约是每升培养100um。在段木栽培中，香菇菌丝分泌多种酶类分解木素、纤维素、淀粉等大分子，从菇木的韧皮部和木部吸收碳源、氮源和矿元素。 （4） 空气 香菇属好气性菌类，足够的新鲜空气是保香菇正常生长发育的重要环境条件。栽培环境过于郁闭易产生畸形的长柄菇、大脚菇。（5） 光线 香菇是需光性真菌，强度适合的漫射光是香菇完成正常生活史的一个必要条件。但是，菌丝生长不需要光线。研究表明：波长为380-540nm的蓝光对菌丝生长有抑制作用，但对原形成有利。香菇子实体的分化和生长发育需要光线。没有光线不能形成子实体，研究表明，40-7-lx的光照强度比较适宜。香菇原在暗处有徒长的倾向，盖小、柄长、淡、肉薄、劣。 （6） 碱度 适于香菇菌丝生长的培养液的pH值是5-6。pH值在3.5-4.5适于香菇原的形成和子实体的发育。在段木腐化过程中，菇木的pH值不断下降，从而促进子实体的形成。栽培技术 【1】菇场的设置 1） 选择场地 采用两场制栽培香菇，在发菌场培养菌丝体，在出菇场架木出菇，更有利于获得高产。但我国因场地限制，实际操作多为一场制，即接种至出菇都在同一场地进行。 较好的菇场应是避北风、向阳地、资源好，水源近，有树荫，多石砾，偏性的缓坡地。 2）清理场地 ① 按照春夏之交能有三分疏露，七分荫蔽的要求，砍低留高，以利于操作管理和场地的通风。 ② 清除场地的枯枝落叶、树皮、树根，以及场外围数米内的腐朽之物，铲除杂菌、害虫孳生地。 ③ 根据地形平整地，开壁人行行通道，清沟排渍等设施。 ④ 自然荫蔽不足时，搭盖荫棚（高2m），或种植、种瓜，以利将来遮荫。 ⑤ 菇场清理的后一道工序，在地面撒上石灰，除虫防蚁，抑制杂菌蔓延。 【2】菇树选择及段木准备 1）菇树选择 可以用来栽培香菇的树木不少于200种，绝大多数是属于壳斗科、桦木科和金缕梅科的阔叶树。菇树必须具备以下条件： ① 不含芳香油物。 ② 树皮厚薄适中，不易脱离，利于调温调湿，减少杂菌侵染的机率。 ③ 木适当坚实，边材多，心材少，利于香菇菌丝体充分分解利用。 2）树径和树龄 段木栽培香菇不宜选用过粗和过细的树木，一般以胸径12-20cm较合适，树龄10-25年为宜。 树皮较薄的树，树龄可以大些；树皮较厚的树，树龄可小些。薄皮树出菇快，但产菇菌盖薄，菌肉松泡；厚皮树出菇慢，但产菇好。幼龄木心材小，接种后出菇早，所产香菇较薄较小，且菇木易腐，持续产菇年限较短。 3）段木准备：主要包括砍树、原木干燥和截枝等工作。 ① 适时砍树 提倡叶黄砍树，也即是进入休眠阶段。此时贮存养分丰富，树皮与木部结合紧密，搬动时不易脱皮。已经砍伐的菇木称原木。 Is the second largest edible mushroom, is one of our specialty, in the folk known as "delicacies," said.It is a growth of fungi on the wood.Delicious aroma soak into the depths, nutrient-rich, known as "plant queen" reputation.Mushrooms are rich in vitamin B complex, iron, potassium, vitamin D of the original (by the sun, turn into vitamin D), sweet nature.Indications loss of appetite, less gas fatigue.
Dried mushrooms edible part of the 72% moisture content per 100g edible portion 13g, fat 1.8g, carbohydrate 54g, crude fiber 7.8g, ash 4.9g, Calcium 124mg, Phosphorus 415mg, Iron 25.3mg, Vitamin B1 0.07mg, Vitamin B21.13mg, niacin 18.9mg.Mushroom In addition to 85-90% moisture content, the solids containing 19.9% ??crude protein, crude fat 4%, 67% of soluble nitrogen-free material, 7% crude fiber, ash 3%.Mushroom is rich in vitamin D of the original, but very little vitamin C, vitamin A and A lack of the original.Lentinan can provide
Mushrooms
High helper T cells and enhance the vitality of the human humoral immune function.Large number of proven, mushrooms and a wide range of cancer prevention, has been used in clinical treatment.Mushrooms also contain vitamins, minerals, to promote the body metabolism, enhance the body adapt to a significant role.Mushrooms also diabetes, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, neuritis, etc. from the treatment, but also for dyspepsia, constipation, weight loss and so on.Many ancient records of Chinas mushroom, "Qi is not hungry, and stomach to help cure the wind expelling food."People to help smallpox, measles-induced, headache, dizziness.Modern studies have shown that lentinan can regulate the body immune function of T cell activity, can reduce the methylcholanthrene-induced tumors capacity.Mushrooms have a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells, on mouse sarcoma 180 cells was 97.5%, the inhibition of Ehrlich carcinoma was 80%.Mushrooms also contain double-stranded RNA, can induce interferon, with anti-virus capabilities.Mushrooms contain water-soluble flavor substances, can be used as food seasoning, the main ingredient is black 5-monophosphate and other nucleic acid components.
Is the second largest edible mushroom, is one of our specialty, in the folk known as "delicacies," said.It is a growth of fungi on the wood.Delicious aroma soak into the depths, nutrient-rich, known as "plant queen" reputation.Mushrooms are rich in vitamin B complex, iron, potassium, vitamin D of the original (by the sun, turn into vitamin D), sweet nature.Indications loss of appetite, less gas fatigue.
Dried mushrooms edible part of the 72% moisture content per 100g edible portion 13g, fat 1.8g, carbohydrate 54g, crude fiber 7.8g, ash 4.9g, Calcium 124mg, Phosphorus 415mg, Iron 25.3mg, Vitamin B1 0.07mg, Vitamin B21.13mg, niacin 18.9mg.Mushroom In addition to 85-90% moisture content, the solids containing 19.9% ??crude protein, crude fat 4%, 67% of soluble nitrogen-free material, 7% crude fiber, ash 3%.Mushroom is rich in vitamin D of the original, but very little vitamin C, vitamin A and A lack of the original.Lentinan can provide
Mushrooms
High helper T cells and enhance the vitality of the human humoral immune function.Large number of proven, mushrooms and a wide range of cancer prevention, has been used in clinical treatment.Mushrooms also contain vitamins, minerals, to promote the body metabolism, enhance the body adapt to a significant role.Mushrooms also diabetes, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, neuritis, etc. from the treatment, but also for dyspepsia, constipation, weight loss and so on.Many ancient records of Chinas mushroom, "Qi is not hungry, and stomach to help cure the wind expelling food."People to help smallpox, measles-induced, headache, dizziness.Modern studies have shown that lentinan can regulate the body immune function of T cell activity, can reduce the methylcholanthrene-induced tumors capacity.Mushrooms have a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells, on mouse sarcoma 180 cells was 97.5%, the inhibition of Ehrlich carcinoma was 80%.Mushrooms also contain double-stranded RNA, can induce interferon, with anti-virus capabilities.Mushrooms contain water-soluble flavor substances, can be used as food seasoning, the main ingredient is black 5-monophosphate and other nucleic acid components.
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